THIS charming flower, which ranks with the balsam in importance as an annual, has no history, and is nothing unless well grown; therefore the best employment of the space at our command will be to frame a compact essay on the cultivation of the aster in first-rate style, with a view to the production of flowers good enough for exhibition.

It is impossible to grow good asters in a poor soil, and the water supply should be constant and plentiful. If grown in the same bed every year, it should be regularly well dug and tolerably manured, as if intended for a crop of peas or cauliflowers. But finer flowers may be secured by growing them every year in fresh soil that has not carried asters before, or at least only once in seven years or so.

The seed is usually sown too early, and the plants get starved before the season is sufficiently advanced to allow them to be put out. The last week in March is early enough for the first sowing, and a cold frame will be the best place for the pan or box in which the seeds are sown. For all ordinary purposes it is not desirable to sow until about the 15th of April, as there is then no probability that the plants will suffer a check. The young plants should have as much air and light as they can bear, the cultivator, of course, keeping in mind that they are tender in constitution. If they have insufficient light they will become weak and wiry, and if insufficient air they will soon be smothered with green fly, and thereby seriously impoverished.

As soon as large enough to handle, prick out the young plants in a bed of light rich soil in a frame; put them three inches apart, water them well, and keep the frame rather close for two or three days; then give air with caution, and increase the ventilation daily, and they will become strong and well prepared for planting out.

A bed for asters should be made ready a few weeks before it is wanted. The third week in May is soon enough for planting out, and dull warm weather should be chosen for the business; in any case, if the nights are frosty, the plants had best remain in their snug bed under glass until a change occurs. If put out in sunny weather, turn empty pots over them for a day or two to save them from exhaustion. As a rule, they should be planted a foot apart every way, but this rule may be varied as circumstances may suggest. They should be lifted with care, so that every tuft of roots is kept intact, and should be firmly though gently pressed into their places, and then have a good watering to finish to work. The remainder of the management will consist chiefly in watering and weeding, and both tasks must be pursued assiduously, or the flowers will be below exhibition mark.

Well-grown plants will usually produce more flower-heads than they can fully develop; therefore it is a nice point to thin them in good time. The beginner may with advantage remove all the heads save the centre and three side shoots, thus leaving only four heads of bloom to each plant. As experience is acquired, the rule may be varied, and it will be found that French asters require to be thinned more severely than German, which may in a good soil be allowed to carry half a dozen; but they should never be thinned down to one or two, because while this spoils the appearance of the plants, it does not result in the production of better blooms, for when asters are grown beyond a certain degree of strength they are likely to become coarse.

In a hot dry season, asters are peculiarly liable to the attacks of "red spider" or acarus, and "green fly" or aphis. A precaution often adopted to prevent this consists in covering the bed with a mulch of two or three inches of half-rotten dung. This should be put on as soon as the crown bud is visible, and should be followed by regular and copious watering. The healthy and vigorous growth that this treatment promotes is calculated to keep insect foes at a distance, for the sickly plant is soonest attacked by them. When the young plants are infested by green fly it is safer to dust them with tobacco powder than to use any kind of wash. As a rule, indeed, tobacco powder is always to be preferred, because dry and clean and easily washed off.

The immense popularity of the aster accounts for the number of varieties that are offered in the seed lists, for one of the first objects of the cultivator of a flower is to promote variation and establish the most distinct and beautiful varieties. For exhibition purposes the best varieties are those known as the Victoria, French Paeony, Giant French, and Betteridge's.

For large beds, mixtures of colours are desirable, but the flowers should be uniform in style, and therefore only one sort or section of asters should be grown in a bed. Those who know the sorts well may indeed use several in the same bed, but the safe way for the beginner is to be content with one or two--say a moderately tall kind for the mass, and a dwarfer sort for the margin. One of the best sorts for beds is the Tall Chrysanthemum-flowered, and the Globe German may be used next the margin. The Washington makes a fine bed, with immense flowers of all colours. If a choice dwarf sort is wanted for a bed, there is, perhaps, none better than the Dwarf Paeony Perfection.